Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution - 1588 Words

The Industrial Revolution is a technological phenomenon that still continues to this day, in the form of its fourth to fifth wave. Ever since the late 1700s, our society has evolved over nearly two and a half centuries, for better or for worse. However, most of the negatives then have disappeared into obscurity and the positives have only grown more and more. So while some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of child workers and the poor conditions, it was actually a good thing for society. Industrialization’s positive effects were the availability of goods, the advancements in technology and the new job market. The industrialization of all nations was important to help products get shipped to different places. For example, as The Results of Machines says, â€Å"†¦with an infinite number of comforts and conveniences which had no existence two or three centuries ago and those comforts are not used only by a few, but are within the reach of almost all men. â€Å" (Document 9) Before the introduction of factories and urbanization, basic human needs like food and clothing were not accessible to the poor working class. However with the mass production of those clothes came an overflow of product, and as a result of a high demand, prices had to be decreased. With these new lower selling points, even a peasant could earn himself a decent pair of pants and a shirt. Along with this, Encarta’s artist’s rendition of an Industrial cityShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesO Sullivan HIS 1102 29 March 2015 Industrialization in Europe Industrialization is a noun given the definition of the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country (Dictionary.com). Tools have been around forever, but until the industrialization they required human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used to describe a new economyRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufactur ing cities, and population growth;Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution859 Words   |  4 Pagesworked in farms. In the mid 1700’s events changed the way of life. These events are called the Industrial Revolution. It was a long, uneven process that affected peoples’ lives. Simple tools where changed to complex machines; from human and animal power to electricity. Rural societies became urban. Industrialization brought a variety of goods and an improved way of living to many. Agricultural Revolution is when people learn to farm and domesticate animals. It contributed to a rapid population growthRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1635 Words   |  7 Pages Just as it was in the 18th and 19th centuries when the industrial revolution began, today people fear that technology is d estroying jobs. Prior to the industrial revolution manufacturing was often done in peoples homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered special purpose machinery, factories and mass production. Yet at this time people feared for their jobs because the machinery resulted in often-grim employment opportunities many people argue that theRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay2415 Words   |  10 Pages There are many identifying factors unique to Britain that were responsible for industrial innovation, change, growth and contraction during the period defined by the industrial revolution in Britain. By about 1750 Britain had become a world leader as a trading nation, with London becoming the warehouse of the world. London also had an efficient financial centre selling services such as insurance, including shipping insurance. It is estimated that 600,000 people lived in London at this time and aRead MoreIndustrializatio n Of The Industrial Revolution1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution started advancing in the mid-18th century after many sought new and more efficient methods of production to accomplish the needs of society . The Industrial Revolution brought with it an array of changes: an increase in population, the rise of new building typologies, redistributions of wealth and fluctuations of living conditions. The Industrial Revolution broke out in England with most of the important technological innovations being British ; with the application of reliableRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1332 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution played an integral role in the development of today’s world. Railroads were forming, factories were mass producing goods, medicines were being created, and communication was on the rise. Looking back on this time period, we can see how important all of these developments really were. Mechanization played a major role in the Industrial Revolution as people began to apply reason to manufacturing. Humans were flawed and such machineryRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.† (White, M, The Industrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capitalist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period in which societies became industrial due to there being anRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolut ion began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered the

Ikea Marketing Plan Essay - 4219 Words

MARKETING PLAN INTRODUCTION 3 IKEA HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT 3 IKEA TARGET MARKET 6 BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW 8 COMPETITIVE REVIEW 9 Product Positioning 9 Competitions 9 DISTRIBUTION REVIEW 9 Objective and challenges 11 Challenges 12 SWOT 13 COMPANY MARKETING CARACTERISTICS 13 PRODUCT LINE, BRAND AND SERVICES 16 PRICE 18 Designing Pricing Strategies and Programs 19 PLACE 20 PROMOTION 22 INTEGRATED MARKETING PLAN MIX 24 Budget 24 Control 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IKEA group is one of the top furniture retailers in the world. With its unique combination of form, function and affordability, IKEA distinguished itself from other furniture retailers. With its success in Europe, IKEA entered the American market with†¦show more content†¦To study geographical market, Ikea, as we studied before, is in many countries around the world. The marketsplace of the company is Internet where you can observe the catalogues, the different shops around the world, the tendencies of the designs†¦ The strategy they follow is to realize the people have a need and from this, they try to converse this need in a want (with promotion, modern design†¦) and this want is translated in demand which suppose the benefits for the company. In addition, the company tries to follow 3 strategies: ï  ¬ Way to expand total market demand ï  ¬ Protect current market share ï  ¬ Increase the market share To defend against competitor, Ikea uses to follow a Preemptive defense because they attack before competitors start their actions. BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW IKEA offers a wide range of furniture products, from small boxes or baskets, to complete kitchens and bedrooms. Some of the most important furnishings that IKEA offers are: †¢ Upholstered furniture, coffee tables, rattan furniture, bookshelves, media storage, doorknobs †¢ Beds, wardrobes, hall furniture †¢ Dining tables and chairs †¢ Bookcass †¢ Bathroom articles †¢ Kitchens †¢ Chairs, desks †¢ Materials, curtains †¢ Garden furniture †¢ Carpets †¢ Bedlinen, bed covers, pillows/cushions †¢ Childrens items †¢ Curtain accessories †¢ Kitchen utensils †¢ Boxes, wall decoration, pictures andShow MoreRelatedIkea Marketing Plan3836 Words   |  16 PagesIkea Marketing plan Executive Summary IKEA is one of the world s top furniture retailers, and its International sells home furnishings and other housewares in about 270 stores in 35 countries. To cut transportation costs, IKEA uses flat packaging for most of its furniture; customers assemble the products at home. The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,300 suppliers in more than 50 countries. IKEA s stores feature playrooms for children and value cuisine restaurantsRead MoreIkea Marketing Plan8221 Words   |  33 PagesIKEA Marketing Plan – Part I Submitted to: John Daly Submitted by: Lindsay Churchman Matthew Holland Jamie Krebs Eveline Man Chris Manellis Chelsea Slade Due Date: February 17, 2011 MRK428MS Internal Environment IKEA current marketing goal and objective The IKEA vision is to create a better life for many people who purchase their products. Their main objectives are: - IKEA produces cheap and affordable products for the customers - The company wants better life for those who cannot afford expensiveRead MoreIkea s Marketing Plan For Ikea1478 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction IKEA is an internationally known home furnishing retailer that has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943 and is renowned around the world for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEA s furniture is flat-pack, ready to be assembled by the consumer that helps in the reduction of costs and packaging. Moreover; IKEA carries a range of 9,500 products, including home furniture and accessories. This wide range of option is available in all IKEA stores and customers can also orderRead MoreIke Strategic And Marketing Planning Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA Opens More Click-and-Collect Stores as Customers Move Online An article, written by Saabira Chaudhuri, presents Ikea’s most recent plans to expand their market. The information, released in this article, illustrates both strategic and marketing planning, evident in Ikea’s latest venture. As Michael Levens explains, in our text, â€Å"strategic planning identifies the overall direction of a business†, while â€Å"marketing planning includes those activities devoted to accomplishing marketing objectives†Read MoreSmart Design4671 Words   |  19 PagesSWOT Analysis Competitive Analysis Grid Product-Branding Strategy Marketing Plan 11 Products Distribution (Place) Price Promotion Strategy Sales Process and Sales Tactics Operations Plan 12 Design and Development Plan 13 Management and Personnel 14 Schedule 15 Risks and Overcome 17 Financial Plan 18 Appendix 19 Executive Summary This document will be discussing the different aspects of the business plan for a new startup company which is about creating a unique furnitureRead MoreMarketing Planning2944 Words   |  12 Pagesthe characteristics of the marketing plan. Firstly, it will identify the role and nature of marketing plan. Secondly, it will outlines the structure of the marketing plan. Moreover, the paper will determines the each elements in the marketing plan and the linkage between these elements. Additionally, the two misconceptions will be examined. Last, it will conclude the marketing plan is indispensable to the organizations. Role and Nature of Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a business document thatRead MoreZara Marketing Plan Draft3462 Words   |  14 PagesHigher Diploma in Sales and Marketing – YEAR 3 Marketing Planning ZARA Course code/Class: 21905F/3D Group members: Chan Oi Yee (3) Chan Wing Sum (4) Cheng Jacqualine Wing Chun (5) Chiu Ka Man (9) Fong Ka Man (13) Leung Hoi Yi (22) Lecturer: Ms Cherry Tsui CONTENT INTRODUCTION EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY SITUATION ANALYSIS (PEST) SITUATION ANALYSIS (SWOT) SITUATION ANALYSIS (5 FORCES) OBJECTIVES (SHORT TERM) OBJECTIVES (LONG TERM) OBJECTIVES (PULLBACKS) TARGET MARKET MARKETING STRATEGIES FINANCIAL PLANNINGRead MoreTransnational Strategy3449 Words   |  14 Pagesinvolves a situation where a company tries to achieve maximum local responsiveness in product offering and marketing strategy, which will match different national conditions. This strategy differs from transnational strategy in that the latter looks at the bigger global market trying to take advantage of all the available global factors (Hill Jones, 2008). Under the strategy, production, marketing and research and development activities are established in each national market where the company operatesRead MoreBusiness Plan9238 Words   |  37 PagesMadam, SUBMISSION OF BUSINESS PLAN PROPOSAL (ENT 300) Referring to the subject stated above, we submitted this proposal of our project paper for our ENT 300 subject.This business plan is focusing on doing education service. The name of the service itself explains the tuition service that we offer. 2. We had put our best commitment to complete this business plan according to the guidelines and requirements given according to our subject syllabus. This business plan is constructed to serve as a blueprintRead MoreMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Audit Approach - IKEA Marketing Audit Overview â€Å"What is a marketing audit? Quite simply, it is a detailed analysis of the elements that constitute or influence a company’s efforts to profitably market its products- today and in future when both market and products may undergo radical change† ( John, Alexander, Theodore, 1969). The marketing audit helps to understand the fundamentals of a company’s marketing planning process. Auditing is not only conducted not only at the planning

Aristotle and George Boole Free Essays

Aristotle and George Boole contributed to the progression in mathematics and logic with their findings. Plato’s most influential student, Aristotle, job was to be a puzzle solver mostly for metaphysical phenomena and some of his works are more solid and structured prior analytics. He learned from Plato and later taught his understanding of logic, reasoning, and debate at his peripatetic school. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle and George Boole or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wanted to systematize each set of knowledge into certain rules and marking and ordering things. By doing this, he was able to create abstract timeless labels. It is from this that he was able to create laws of thought known as logical absolutes. The mechanistic movement in the late years of the Renaissance made Aristotle create a distinct line between the physical sciences and mathematics. Aristotle considered the knowledge of geometry and arithmetic calculations to be the most important of the mathematical sciences. Aristotle considers that most mathematical theorems to have the idea of A and C with a middle value B, which lies between A and C that helps intertwine and create a connection between the three. He was able to formulate this from his success of the logical theory. The first fundamental principle of predication is identity. This means that an object will act accordingly to the actions of that object. For example, a ball will have the characteristics of a ball. It will not be able to swim like a fish. The second fundamental principle of prediction is the law of non-contradiction. Meaning that it is impossible for an object to be a certain way and not be that certain way at the same time. The third principle is the law of excluded middle, which means an object needs to either be or not be. It can’t partially be. The first person known to suggest these ideas was the pre-Socratic philosopher Parmenides of Elea who said, â€Å"Never will this prevail, that what is not is†. Aristotle applied this idea to the natural world around him. He observed that an object, tree couldn’t also be a flower. It couldn’t be a tree and not a tree simultaneously as well. Aristotle geometric propositions are that angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal, angles about a point are two right angles, if two straight-lines are parallel and a straight-line intersects them, the interior angle is equal to the exterior angle, if a straight-line intersects two straight-lines and makes interior or exterior angles equal to two right angles on the same side with each, then the lines are parallel, but it is possibly the weaker theorem that each angle formed by the intersecting line is right, rather than their sum equals two right angles. More of Aristotle’s propositions include, the locus of points formed by taking lines in a given ratio (not 1 to 1 ratio) from two given points constitute a circle The shape of a square is unaltered when a gnomon is added, but a rectangle’s shape is altered, where a gnomon has the shape of a carpenter’s square; about a unit you add three units to get a 2 by 2 square, and about two units you add four units to get a 3 by 2 square, and Two spheres rotating in different directions, with one carrying the other, produce a non-uniform motion. George Boole converted logic to mathematics. He is best known for â€Å"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic†, being an essay towards a calculus of deductive reasoning in 1847 and â€Å"The Laws of Thought† in 1854. Regular number algebra has the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division while Boolean algebra works on Boolean variables, true and false. The Boolean operations include and, or, and not. Boole was able to show how the symbols of quantity can be separated from those of operation. With Boole began the algebra of logic (Boolean algebra) in 1847. Boole’s original general symbolic method of logical inference, as explained in his, â€Å"Laws of Thought†, draws solutions that are logically contained in the properties. He tried to create a general method in probabilities, which would make it possible the determine the consequent probability of another even that logically connected with the present events of a probability. Boole’s abstruse reasoning has led to applications like the telephone switch and electronic computers use binary digits and logical elements that rely on Boolean logic for their design and operation. Both Aristotle and George Boole contributed to mathematics and its power to better understand the world around us through analytical, geometrical, psychological, and logical way. Their discoveries and ideas helped the world to better understand the systematic actions of the universe. How to cite Aristotle and George Boole, Papers

The Fight Over the Redwoods free essay sample

Pacific Lumber Company, founded in 1869, oversees the careful maintenance and logging of the world’s most productive timberland. Pacific Lumber holds the last private forest of old-growth Redwood. In addition to it’s unique hardwood, the Redwood forest hosts an ecosystem supporting virgin ground never logged, and the endangered Marbled Murrelet. After being purchased in 1985 by the Maxxam firm and it’s owner Mr. Hurwitz, Pacific Lumber tripled logging volume and looked to log the previously privately protected Redwood forest. Due to the use of junk-bonds for financial backing, Maxxam Inc.  needed to dramatically increase revenue streams to make interest payments which resulted in the reprioritization of business values. The health of the environment became second to the survival of Pacific Lumber. Poor business ethics led the timber company from a once highly profitable firm conscious of both the environment and long-term business stability, to one focused on s hort-term profitability without valuing the long term impacts of environmental change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fight Over the Redwoods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Fight Over The Redwoods Background Pacific Lumber Company, founded in 1869, owned 220,000 acres of some of the world’s most productive timberland. The family-run company incorporated the very best standards for environmental impact and business management. Through selective tree cutting and management of business structure, the Pacific Lumber Company maintained the worlds rarest old growth redwood forest. Due to deforestation through the end of the 1970’s, Pacific Lumber Company held the last Redwood resource thereby indirectly monopolizing the hardwood market. The company was debt free, treated their employees well, and managed a significant inventory to support their sustainment operations.  (Shaw, 2014) In 1985, Maxxam Incorporated acquired Pacific Lumber for 900 million dollars. Through the use of junk-bond financing to purchase the company, Maxxam Inc. had to manage significant interest payments on their loan. To manage high interest, Maxxam increased wood cutting that would eventually lead to the deforestation of previously protected land. 16 different lawsuits filed by environmental organizations brought Pacific Lumber operations to a halt with foresting operations in specific areas of their land. The legal reasoning was the protection of endangered species, and long-term impact to virgin ecosystems that existed nowhere else in the world. (Shaw, 2014) In 1999, Senator Diane Feinstein and Deputy Interior Secretary John Garamendi signed an agreement. The agreement brokered out land to the government through a 480 million dollar purchase, and banned logging in certain areas for fifty years in an effort to protect endangered species. The agreement also established an enforceable habitat protection plan to oversee Pacific Lumber operations for the foreseeable future. Pacific Lumber considered the deal to be a true testament that increased regulations by federal government stymied business profitability. Pacific Lumber ended up declaring bankruptcy in 2008. The lumber company was acquired by a well known firm that had ties to the timber community, held environmental considerations high, and worked well with politics involved. (Shaw, 2014) Case Analysis Question 1: Ancient forests, to include those of Redwood trees, have a value that is greater than just the face value of the lumber planned for logging. Considerations for a corporation’s growth and profitability is important. Employees depend on paychecks, healthcare, pensions, and other supporting programs such as scholarships and donations to the community. These benefits however, will never outweigh the value of untouched forest that supports threatened species. Addressing Redwood deforestation only encompasses a small portion of global concern. Ecosystems rely on one another to survive and operate in the environment they are found. Removing the Redwood hardwood forest would be the precipice for large scale ecological failure. An employee for Pacific Lumber may need a paycheck to maintain an adequate standards of living, but first needs a place to survive. If the ecosystem supporting our way of life collapses, so does our way of life. Question 2: Although land ownership is an individual right, what takes place on that land is still a concern for governing agencies. In this case, the impact to ecosystems covers an area greater than just the area owned by one individual or firm. Controlling the impacts of the landowners operation mitigates the impact to other landowners in the area. Owning land still requires a reasonable person to behave in a manner consistent with the law of the land. In this analysis, a gentlemen named Hurwitz backed Maxxam Inc. to purchase Pacific Lumber. Hungry for profits, he altered Pacific Lumber’s focus to the short term profitability of the firm, instead of long term sustainment of the business. Poor business practices put Maxxam Inc. in a position requiring a fixed amount of income to pay loan interest and fees. Hurwitz never assessed whether or not he could sustain payment with current operations and was forced to increase operations to make profitability still viable. (The Terrestrial Environment, 1998) Question 3: Mainstream environmentalists were correct to stop Pacific Lumber from ravaging it’s timberland. Prior business practices provided ecosystem shelter for endangered species and protected virgin forest from being logged. Changes to federal regulations and societal values required that these areas be protected despite ownership change. Behavior by radicalized environmentalists is often unacceptable because it results in damage to business property and potential injury to employees. They do, however, protect what would otherwise be destroyed with stale politics or businesses circumventing laws through unethical behavior. (Shaw, 2014) Question 4: We as a society have a moral obligation to protect rare environments such as the Redwood forest. Trees do not have inherent rights and must be represented by a governing body or entity with their environmental impact in mind if they are logged. Old growth forest support more than just the production of hardwood, it supports endangered species, fragile ecosystems, and the long term health of the planet. Endangered species cannot be recreated; The death of a species effects of the impact of two or three other species’ ecosystems, resulting in fluctuations throughout the entire food chain. (The Terrestrial Environment, 1998) Question 5: Prior to being bought out, Pacific Lumber operated a very controlled logging operation that matched tree-growth rates. Although this does not necessarily provide increased short term profitability, it does mean long term sustainment with predictability. Shareholders of Pacific Lumber knew they owned a dependable stock that would hold its value for years to come. Lumber produced from logging is a highly volatile market. Predictable operations gave employees stability and ensured the environmental interests of future generations to come. Pacific Lumber is an excellent example of how ethical business practices sustain the environment, or negate the importance of it in the interests of profitability. Question 6: The argument can be made that protecting private land from deforestation is not necessary due to the amount of land already protected by parks and reserves. What cannot be predicted is the impact to endangered species, or the separation and destruction of niche ecosystems that support a larger environmental scale. Taking away localized areas of trees, or ecosystems supported by old growth, will ultimately compound the negative effects of our constantly shrinking native environment. As human growth pushes into these areas, the result is an increase of a demand for a stable environment, despite destroying the very thing we need to exist. (Biological Issue, 2014) Question 7: The agreement made between the government and Pacific Lumber did cost the taxpayers more than what would be considered socially acceptable by a reasonable person. The argument equates the value of the land and it’s components to the cost of protecting it. By spending 480 million dollars, the land is federally protected against logging, forever. Endangered species may remain in the same state, but the uncontrolled elimination of their habitat has now been mitigated. The impact of the agreement to Pacific Lumber was the eventual bankruptcy filed in 2008. The resulting reshaping of the firm required layoffs and the decommission of certain assets to created a viable business. Employees lost their jobs, communities felt the impact of business fluctuation, and the local economy suffered. Although difficult, this suffering is short-termed and does not compare to the long term negative effects of deforestation to future generations. (Biological Issue, 2014) Conclusion Pacific Lumber is a perfect example of why ethical business practices must consider the environment along with other federal and state regulations within their operations. Focusing only on short term profitability is not indicative of long term sustainment and stability. Owners of large corporations must ensure that responsible values and core competencies are retained, despite being bought out. Controlling corporate growth helps maintain employee and shareholder interests, while simultaneously ensuring the health and welfare of the environment. References

Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca Essays - Slaves, Lvar Nez Cabeza De Vaca

Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Most peoples' exposure to world history is limited to several classes in school and action films. This creates an aura of glamour and excitement, which is far from the reality that conquistadors such as Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca experienced. In light of the intolerable hardships that many of these early explorers were forced to endure, what motivated men like de Vaca to join such perilous adventures? Cabeza de Vaca's life and journey to North America are intriguing because through his extended encounters with the Native Americans he became known as the compassionate conquistador. Cabeza de Vaca was born in 1490 to Spanish nobility; his ancestors being warriors and explores. Cabeza joined the army in his teens and distinguished himself as a fine officer. He was a respected veteran and dedicated to his country and the King when he was appointed treasurer and second-in-command of the 1527 expedition to the New World (Bishop). De Vaca was a career military man and it was an honor to accept the King's appointment to conquer new lands (the whole Gulf Coast of North America) for his country, Spain. He had seen the hero's welcome and the great wealth received by the lucky ones returning victoriously. The governor of this expedition said? That he and his followers were going to fight and conquer nations and countries wholly unknown, and in subduing them he knew that many would be slain; nevertheless, that those who survived would be fortunate, since from what he had understood of the opulence of that land, they must become very rich. (Jameson) Besides heritage, patriotism, fame and fortune, de Vaca's devotion to God was another driving force in his life. In writing his narrative, de Vaca addressed the Sacred Catholic Majesty saying his writings would be important to those who in our name [Spain] go to subdue those countries and bring them to a knowledge of the true faith and true Lord, under the imperial dominion?.(Jameson) His ardent faith gave him great desire to convent to Christianity the inhabitants of the New World. The incredible hardships of these explorations are hard to believe. The fact that in 1527 a fleet of five ships and 600 men left Spain and ten years later de Vaca with three other survivors returned, speaks for itself. After landing in Cuba, the fleet continued to the coast of southwest Florida. For the next eight years de Vaca proceeded on foot and makeshift rafts along the Gulf Coast. (See map @ end) The details are gruesome, documenting potential death from many directions. Starvation was constantly battled. Weeks past where de Vaca had only a handful of corn for a day's ration. He tells of 18 months with one group of Indians where the greatest luxury I enjoyed was on the day they would give me a skin to scrape, because I scraped it very deep in order to eat the parings, which would last me two or three days. (De Vaca) Cannibalism was noted among some. Men died from drowning, thirst, murder, infection, and exposure. At one place where de Vaca was forced to stay for several seasons , he had no clothes and exposure to the sun and air covered his body with big sores making it very painful to pull heavy loads, with ropes cutting in to his arms. Sometimes, by the end of the day he would have lost so much blood he had no energy to drag the load out (Bishop). How could he persevere? To de Vaca's way of thinking, human suffering was the fate of all good Catholics (Sheppard). Time after time Cabeza de Vaca was given strength by his unquestioned faith in God and belief that he was there for God's divine purpose, that was guiding him to where he could better serve God. After weeks or often months of ongoing hardships, de Vaca would respond with, Thanks to our Lord, whose help to us never failed. He said that, In all that trouble my only relief or consolation was to remember the passion of our Savior, Jesus Christ, and the blood He shed for me, and to ponder how much greater His sufferings had

My Music Biography Essays

My Music Biography Essays My Music Biography Essay My Music Biography Essay My interest in music began when I was in elementary school. I stared playing violin in 5th grade and once I moved up to middle school I started entering talent shows and joined the Performing Arts Kids club at my school. Concurrently, I was a member of the Leaden Childrens Choir in which we performed world music at various locations and received a tremendous amount of exposure. Once I entered high school, I Joined the Instrumental Music Club in which I am currently a full time music student. I have been enrolled in my high school orchestra, jazz band, marching band, concert band and drum-line for the past 4 years. I am also the Jazz singer and occasionally get chosen to sing the National Anthem at Home football games and other school functions. I also had the honor to sing at last years high school graduation. Over the past 3 years, I have participated in the school musical as part of the pit orchestra in which I played violin for such performances as the Wiz, Grease, and Guys and Dolls. This years musical theater performance will be Hairspray. I have auditioned for a part and recently received my first call back. I am very excited and hope to be one of the chosen members for this years production. Prior to high school theater, I was involved in a private theater organization in which we performed the Wizard of Oz. As a mallet percussionist of Pasadena City Colleges Honor Band, I have been given the honor of being in this years Tournament of Roses Parade for 2013 as the only representative of my High School. I have been receiving private piano and voice lessons for the past 4 years. In addition, I am currently working on my Girl Scout Gold Award Project in which I would like to incorporate my musical abilities to promote music appreciation amongst youth.

Lecture on Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lecture on Race - Essay Example However, in the Revisionist School of Thought during the 1950s and 1960s, these teachers were considered protagonists - heroes actually, who were active in fighting for education and for the right to vote. One of the early demands of the freed slaves after the war was the right to education. This was heard by the Northern commanders occupying the South - and this led to the Port Royal Experiment. Furthermore, one of these Freedmen teachers, Mary Peake put up a school in 1861 in Virginia. 2. What was the Supreme Court Decision concerning segregation in the case, Plessy V. Ferguson. What was the Supreme Court Decision concerning segregation in the case, Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The Supreme Court, accordingly after the Civil War, ruled in favor of the segregation policy in the South, where public places were segregated into different areas for blacks and whites. The rule being followed was "separate but equal" doctrine. In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that Homer Plessy, who was colored yet by blood lineage, more white than black, was fallacious in his thinking by refusing to ride a train coach for colored people in Louisiana because in his view it rendered black people inferior. In its decision, the Supreme Court ruled implicitly that inferiority is a matter of feeling or point of view - "it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put the construction upon it". In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the Supreme Court, on the other hand ruled against the segregation policy, when it said that segregation had no place in public education - "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal". The case arose as black children challenged the decision of the Topeka Board that put up separate facilities for black and white children. 3. What was the difference in their view of native Americans between men authors and women diarists Men and women authors differed when it came to the portrayal of native Americans. Men authors, who were white, were coming from a point of view on which American Indians were the enemies and white men who searched and fought for settlement areas in the West, were the heroes. Their source of information was their experience as white men and those of others who were also like them, white men. They of course emphasized that part of history when men had to conquer the lands, and in that way gave focus to the danger and treachery posed by the native Americans who were the enemies and of the heroic adventures of the settlers. This point of view became the basis for the hostile policy against native Americans. Women authors on the other hand, saw behind the wagon train tales of hostile action and adventure. American Indians, according to the diaries and recollection of women were recorded as friendly and of service. It was as not much of the danger posed by the native American that the women authors spoke of - but of other difficulties such as disease, drowning and death in the move towards the West. Moreover, the women authors portrayed men who were their husbands as not necessarily good hunters or providers. They humanized their men,

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay Example The definition is erroneous as it fails to integrate the holistic description of holiness. Notably, other righteous deeds reveal a positive aspect of holiness than punishing offenders. On noticing this error, Socrates challenges him to elucidate a broader and better meaning of sanctity that is inclusive. After his realization of his mistake, lack of logical consistency, in the first definition, Euthyphro offers an updated version of his description that focuses on holiness from a godly point of view. In particular, he says that holiness is what the God approves. Therefore, â€Å"then  what is dear to the gods is holy,  and what is not dear to them is unholy†Ã‚  (pg.6, 5). Unfortunately, his explanation lacks clarity as it projects an assumption that gods agree on all things and disagree on nothing. Having noticed the fallacy, Socrates asks if the gods always agree on all things. At this point, Euthyphro realizes his mistakes and acknowledges that Gods offer a different opinion on various issues leading to quarrels amongst themselves. Consequently, Socrates gives him another him another chance to provide an improve definition of holiness. In his third attempt to define holiness, Euthyphro describes piety as what is loved by all the gods. Specifically, he asserts that the Holy is what all the gods love, and whatever the gods hate, is unholy. He states that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the holy is what all the gods love,  and that the opposite,  what all the gods hate is unholy† (pg.10. 3). Similarly, the logical fallacy appears, as he does not offer a comprehensive explanation for defining the true nature of consecration. Notably, his description lacks an essential element of what makes something holy. Having noticed the logical inconsistency, Socrates challenged Euthyphro to substantiate if something is holy because the gods approve it, or the holiness of something makes the gods approve

What is meant by Project Planning and why we need a detailed project Essay

What is meant by Project Planning and why we need a detailed project plan for every project - Essay Example The present study would focus on project planning as an essential part of project management. It refers to the use of specialised tools such as Gantt Charts in order to plan and monitor the progress of a project. The use of project planning ensures that the project environment is stewarded continuously so that any known and unknown risks are monitored and dealt with in order to optimise the project cost and schedule. Typically, project planning begins with the definition of project scope. This ensures that fitting methods are determined in order to take the project to completion. Once project scope is well defined, the next step is to define activity structure. The various tasks required to execute the project are listed down as activities and the estimated time for these activities is listed down. These activities are grouped together and the resulting structure is known as the work breakdown structure (WBS). The WBS provides a fitting insight to how various tasks and activities are fitted together in terms of their dependencies on each other. Generally, the WBS tasks and activities are defined through the use of an activity network diagram. This tool allows the determination of the critical path which in turn provides information regarding: - all activities and tasks needed to complete the project that are arranged within a WBS; - the duration of time required to complete these activities and tasks; - the various kinds of dependencies between various tasks and activities. ... This optimisation is carried out in order to comply with the overall project goals and objectives. This process is known as resource levelling and it is carried out to ensure that all activities and tasks are carried out with the optimal use of resources and time. When resource levelling is carried out, the formed plan is known as the baseline. As the project proceeds, the baseline is used to compare the status of physical activities on ground with the agreed objectives. Generally, the baseline is used throughout the entire project life to both monitor and steward progress. The process used to compare actual progress to the baseline is better known as earned value management (Fleming, 2005). The major inputs required for the project-planning phase include the concept proposal as well as the project charter while the outputs are the project requirements, the project management plan and the project schedule. These inputs and outputs are used in tandem and may be revised as the project proceeds. Most projects that are executed are unique in nature and so entail unique requirements. This requires that projects are planned individually and executed accordingly including any changes that may be required as the project proceeds. 2. Need for Project Planning Planning is required for all sorts of processes that have economic value in order to ensure that these processes are competitive. The lack of planning lends credence to the fact that execution would be inefficient and would cost more than usual. In addition, projects are generally unique by their intrinsic design so that the tasks and activities are differentiated from one project to the other. When projects are being

Walmart the functions of an organisation Marketing Essay

Walmart the functions of an organisation Marketing Essay Marketing is one the functions of an organisation that most connects an organisation to its environment. It maintains relations with the customers. It also involves satisfying needs of the customers. It incorporates hoe a business should be conducted and a set of values and processes that are put into practice(Naylor, 2004, p.525). According to Kotler Marketing can be defined as a nodal and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others (Kotler et al., 1999, p.10).The key ideas in this definition are needs, wants and demands, value and satisfaction, exchange, transactions and relationships and markets. The American marketing association defines marketing as a process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create changes that satisfy individual and organisational goals (Kotler, 2002, p.4). There are numerous theories t hat are part of marketing as a subject. This essay aims at identifying the key concepts of marketing and how are these concepts can be studied and applied to a functioning of an organisation which is Walmart in this case. Walmart is an American public corporation that operates a chain of large discount department stores and a chain of warehouse stores.. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962. It is publically traded on New York Stock Exchange. The company is the largest private employer with approximately 2.1 million employees. It operates in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom and, through a joint venture, in India. Walmart became an international company in 1991 when it opened its first Sams Club near Mexico City. Two major concepts of marketing are the market orientation a firm has and the marketing mix it follows. Wal-Mart has its own market orientation and a marketing mix that it has adopted. Market orientation is an approach that a business has to run its operations and achieve its organisational objectives. These are the different ways that a business approaches its customers and determines how an organisation carries out its marketing activities. They guide the marketing efforts of an organisation. The different marketing orientations are as follows: 1.Production: Production oriented firm focuses on large scale production of goods that can be made widely available. It also focuses on efficiency issues. There is little focus on customer needs and their wants. It is based on the Says law which says Supply creates its own demand. 2.Product: A product oriented firm focuses on the quality and features of the product. It assumes that the customers want the best quality products for their money. Continuous improvement and refinement of products is also a very important factor. 3.Selling : In this market orientation the main focus is on selling and promotion of the products. It is assumed that good marketing efforts will persuade enough customers to buy the product. It tends to ignore what the customers really want or need. 4.Marketing : It is an approach which keeps customers at the centre. It involves doing a market research and identifying the needs of the consumers and thus making products that satisfy the consumer needs in the best and most efficient way. It is assumed that identifying the customer needs gives a firm a sustainable competitive advantage. 5. Socially Responsible Marketing: It involves responding to the ethical issues in a society. It is related to the corporate social responsibility of a business. It informs consumers of the various contributions that the business is making towards the society and makes a good image of the business as a whole. Different businesses have different market orientations. The two most important aspects of Wal-Marts market orientation are product and market. Wal-Mart offers a huge variety of products. Their aim is to satisfy almost every possible need that might arise. Wal-Mart is not a store for people from a specific age group or income group. In fact it serves people from every age group and income level. Wal-Mart also works with its suppliers and uses a testing laboratory called a consumers testing lab. It runs test on food items, clothing ,electronics etc. By doing this it ensures that the goods it delivers to its customers are of highest quality. The second aspect of its market orientation is Marketing. Wal-Mart uses detailed market research and customer segmentation to better deliver against the customer needs. Wal-Marts ability to recognise changes in the retailing industry has given it a huge advantage over its competitors. This has only been possible because of the intensive market research it undertakes before making any strategic decision. Before making any promotional strategy they measure the return on investment. They evaluate everything such as how many customers will see the advertisement, how many will react to it, how many will actually buy the product. They have huge customer data and sales data. They even share the sales data with their suppliers in order to keep the most popular items stocked and to persuade its suppliers to supply goods which are most popular among the consumers. So it changes itself according to the customer needs and sell products which customers want and not what it has to sell. It also pr omotes relationship marketing and uses one to one relationship marketing tactics. For e.g. a person greeted every customer who came in and said goodbye to each person who left. Wal-Mart has always closely observed its market using different research methods and has always successfully anticipated the change in consumer tastes and preferences and changed itself accordingly so it always keeps its customers at the centre. Another important theory of marketing management is the marketing mix. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that a firm uses to achieve its marketing objectives in a specific target market. The tools can be classified into four categories namely Price, Place Promotion and Product and are referred to as the 4 Ps. Price and advertising costs etc. can be altered in the short run but elements such as product and the distribution channel can only be changed in the long run. .( Kotler, 2002, p.9 )These variables affect the level of demand for a firms products. It is a combination of these tools that are used to satisfy consumer and company objectives. The four variables can be explained as follows: 1. Price: Price is an important factor in the marketing mix when the products are not bad. People want to use money thoughtfully and want maximum utility out of their income. Discounts, allowances, payment terms and credit are some of the tools used to attract customers. 2.Product: Product is the top priority in the marketing mix. Some of the strategies that firms may use are quality, design , features, packaging and warranties etc. Using these tools a company can differentiate its products from its competitors. 3.Place: The place element is becoming more important these days. Big retailers make it more convenient for people to buy everything. Locations, inventory and transport etc are areas that are important for a business. 4.Promotion: People should know about the products of a company. Effective way to advertise the products necessary. Sales promotion, sales force ,direct marketing and public relations are some examples that come under promotion aspect of the marketing mix. We can relate these 4 Ps with different strategies that Wal-Mart adopts. Price is the most important factor for Wal-Marts marketing mix and is the winning formula for the company. The company has build an image over the years that its name has become a synonym to low prices. The mission of the company is to provide cheapest prices in the market. It is because of its such low prices that it has been able to serve and fulfil the needs of millions of customers. Wal-Mart has the best and the most convenient store locations which its competitors find difficult to beat. This is due to the extensive market research it does before expanding into a new area. Also the stores are strategically located to gain efficiency in storage and transportation of its goods. However the company has saturated the local markets and now has plans to extend its operations in many foreign countries. As Wal-Mart offers variety of products for every segment of the market it ensures that its customers get the high est quality products. Some products are sold under its own brand whereas some other from other companies. Wal-Mart often comes up with packaging techniques that help reduce the cost of the goods sold. Now the company is trying to attract more affluent customers by launching new Metro 7 Stalls which offer jewellery and other expensive items in 1500 different stores. (source: http://walmartstores.com/pressroom/news/5721.aspx). Coming to promotion the most notable strategy that the company uses is public relations by taking parts in charitable events. It started health plans starting from $23 and also advertised itself as the largest employer. All these strategies have helped Wal-Mart emerge as the market leader in the retail sector and the key factors being low prices, more customer service and constant innovation in the business.

Religious Concerns during Colonial Period Essay -- essays research pap

â€Å"Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns.† According to this statement, both economic and religious reasons contributed to the founding of the thirteen colonies by the British in North America. The many people who settled in New England came there in search of religious freedom. Their hope was to escape the religious persecution they were facing in England, worship freely, and have the opportunity to choose which religion they wanted to take part in. The Southern colonies were developed for economic motives. They had goals for mercantilism and increasing the prosperity of England. Finally, the Middle colonies were founded upon diverse religions because their primary focus and purpose was to make money or to populate the country. Overall, every colony was colonized due to specific reasons or concerns. However, England’s religious conflicts had grown full-blown, resulting in the colonization of nearly all the American colonies. During the religious upheavals of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, one group of radical Protestants was known as Puritans because they wanted to â€Å"purify† the established Church of England. Essentially, their program called for a more complete protestantization of the national church, particularly insofar as church responsibility for individual conduct was concerned. Their reformist ideas threatened to divide the people and to undermine royal authorit...

Musharraf Era: Pakistan Flourishes

Compiled By: Mirza Rohail B  ©Our leader – Musharraf http://presidentmusharraf. wordpress. com/ All this is all the more amazing when one considers that just six years ago, Pakistan was on the verge of bankruptcy, with only a little more than $1bn in foreign exchange reserves and its stock market teetering at 1,000 points (worth $5 billion only) and foreign debt servicing at 65% of GDP. Our exports were at a pitiful $7. 5 billion. The once ever-declining rupee stood stable at around 60-61 to a dollar since Musharraf took over. Of the 184 member countries of the IMF, Pakistan’s rate of economic growth 7% is one of the best in the world. The Karachi stock market is now above 13,000 points and worth around $65 billion. Now foreign debt servicing has lowered to become 28%. Our exports increased to become $18 billion. 1. Pakistan economy is among the fastest growing economies in the world as its economy has reached the size of $170 billion from a mere $70 billion in 1999. Pakistan attracted a record FDI of $8. 6 billion in 2007-08. 2. 2007: National revenues had swelled from Rs 308 billion during 1988-99 to around Rs 800bn in 2007; and FBR estimates now 2. 8 million Income Tax payers. Year Total CBR Direct Indirect Custom Sales Central excise 1998-99 308. 5bn 110. 4bn 198. 1bn 65. 3bn 72bn 60. 8bn 2005-06 712. 5bn 224. 6bn 487. 9bn 138. 2bn 294. 6bn 55bn 2008-09 810. 3bn 305bn – 105. 3bn 319. 3bn 80. 5bn (2008-09 Progressive) 3. Public sector development program (PSDP) has also grown from Rs 80 billion in 1999; to Rs 520 billion in 2007 and increased further to Rs 549. 7 billion in 2008. 4. FACT: The rate of growth in Pakistan Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) is at a 30-year high. Construction activity is at a 17-year high. LSM: 1999-00 was 1. 5% and 2004-05 was 19. 9% and 2006-07 was 8. 6% and 2007-8 is 5%. 5. FACT: The Infrastructure Industries Index, which measures the performance of Seven industries, i. e. Electricity generation, Natural gas, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Basic metal, Cement and coal, has recorded a 26. 2 percent growth in Industrial sector of Pakistan. 6. FACT: Jan 14: Pakistan now has a total of 245,682 Educational institutions in all categories, including 164,579 (i. . 67 per cent) in the public sector and 81,103 (i. e. 100 per cent) in the private sector, reports the National Education Census (NEC-2005). The census — jointly conducted by the Ministry of Education, the Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) and the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) — reveals that the number of private-sector institutions has increas ed from 36,096 in 1999-2000 to 81,103 in 2005, i. e. by 100 per cent. 45,007 Educational Institutions have increased in Musharraf Era. 7. FACT: Pakistan is 3rd in world in Banking profitability, a report of IMF said. On the IMF chart, Pakistan’s banking profitability is on third position after Colombia and Venezuela. On the IMF chart India is on 36th position and China is on 40th position. Pakistan’s Banking sector turned profitable in 2002. Their profits continued to rise for the next five years and peaked to Rs 84. 1 ($1. 1 billion) billion in 2006 8. 11 May 2009: By producing 7. 746 tonnes of gold during the last five years – 2004 to 2008 – Pakistan joins the ranks of gold producing countries. According to the data with the Saindak Metal Limited – during the last five years – Pakistan has produced 86,013 tonnes of copper, 7. 46 tonne gold and 11. 046 tonne silver, besides the production of 14,482 tonnes of magnetite concentrate (iron), bringing in a total of $633. 573 million. 9. In 1999 what we earned as GDP: we used to give away 64. 1 % as foreign debt and liabilities. Now in 2006, what we earn as GDP: we give ONLY 28. 3 % as foreign debt and liabili ties. Now we are SAVING 35 % of Our GDP for economic growth. According to Department of Finance, External debt & liabilities (EDL) and DAWN: 1988 – $ 18 bn —–> 1990 – $ 20. 5 bn —–> 1999 – $ 38. 9 bn —–> 2000 – $ 35. 48 bn —–> 2001 – $ 37. 2 bn —–> 2002 – $ 34. bn —–> 2003 – $ 35. 4 bn —–> 2004 – $ 35. 3 bn —–> 2005 – $ 35. 8 bn —–> 2006 – $ 37. 6 bn —–> 2007 – $ 40. 5 bn —–> 2008 – $ 45. 9 bn —–> 2009 – $ 50 bn 10. According to Economic Survey 2005. Poverty in Pakistan in 2001 was 34. 46%. And, now after 7 years of Musharraf; Poverty in 2005 was 23. 9%. Poverty DECREASED by 10. 56%. Overall, 12 million people have been pushed out of Poverty in 2001 -2005! 11. Literacy rate in Pakistan has increased from 45% (in 2002) to 53% (in 2005). And, Education now receives 4% of GDP and English has been introduced as compulsory subject from grade 1. 2. 12-4-07: The IT industry, which was virtually non-existent seven years ago, has grown to be worth $2 billion of which $1 billion is export related. It rregistered a 50% growth. 55 foreign IT companies have already entered the market. Now the sector employed 90,000 professionals. 13. 30-1-08: The government has decided to set up a modern hospital cum Medical University in collaboration with the Harvard Medical International, USA, at a cost of Rs 18 billion. The university will be built at the Defence Housing Authority (DHA), Islamabad. A total of 2,500 students will be taught at the graduate level, while additional 600 seats will be available for postgraduate research courses. 14. Nov 2006: President Musharraf says that Pakistan will set up Nine Engineering World Class Science and Technology Federal Universities by 2008 with foreign assistance. He said the institutions of higher learning would be established in collaboration with Italy, South Korea, Japan, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Austria and China. The Cost of building these Foreign Universities will be above Rs 96. 5 billion. The Vice Chancellors, Heads of department, Professors and Faculty of the planned university will be from these Foreign Universities; while the Examination system, Quality assurance followed and the Degree awarded will also be from these Foreign Universities. 15. Government has approved to give at least 4% of GDP to Education in 2007 budget. 16. In 1999-2000 there were 31 Public Universities. Now 2005-2006 there are 49 Public Universities. HEC setup 47 Universities. a) Air University (established 2002) b) Institute of Space technology, ISB (established 2002) c) Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta (established 2004) ) University of Science & Technology, Bannu (established 2005) e) University of Hazara (founded 2002) f) Malakand university, Chakdara (established 2002) g) Karakurum International university, Gilgit (established 2002) h) University of Gujrat (established 2004) i) Virtual University of Pak, Lahore (established 2002) j) Sarhad University of IT, Peshawar (established 2001) k) National Law University, ISB (2007) l) Media University, ISB (2007) m) University of Education, Lahore (2002) n) Lasbella University of Marine Sciences, Baluchistan (2005) o) Baluchistan University of IT & Management, Quetta (2002), etc. 7. 6-member delegation of Australian Department of Education, Science & Technology and AusAID, is visited Pakistan on the request of PM Shaukat Aziz to help Pakistan in its efforts to realign its TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) according to the market needs. Chairman NAVTEC Altaf Saleem informed the delegation about NAVTEC plans to increase the capacity to train one million people annually by 2010 from the present annual capacity of 320,000. 18. Defense Exports of Pakistan have crossed the $200 million mark as the country’s robust Defense manufacturing industry continues to expand. This was disclosed by Major General Syed Absar Hussain, Director General, Defense Export Promotion Organization; after IDEAS 2006 Karachi . 19. President Musharraf inaugurated an over Rs. 1. 36 billion 18 Mega Watt Naltar hydro power project. The project, completed in four years at Naltar near Gilgit. 20. Pakistan is now in Large-scale Nuclear expansion. The reactor under construction†¦ could produce over 200kg of weapons-grade plutonium per year, assuming it operates at full power for a modest 220 days per year. At 4 to 5 kilograms of plutonium per weapon, this stock would allow the production of 40-50 Nuclear weapons a year,† the report said. 21. The Karachi Port Trust (KPT) and Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) of Hong Kong will sign a concession agreement tomorrow for setting up a US$1 billion Deep-water container port, the first in Pakistan. KPT will invest $450 million for infrastructure development for the project. HPH will invest $557 million. In the first phase, a 1,500m quay wall will be built with a designed dept of 18m. 22. GILGIT: President Musharraf inaugurated the dry port in the border town of Sust, 200km north of Gilgit. The Dry port, a Pakistan-China joint venture, was built in 2004 at a cost of Rs90 million. It is 10,000-foot high Sust Dry Port. 23. Dec 2006: President Musharraf said many canals, including the Thal and Raini canals, were being constructed for better utilization of the water available. He said Rs66 billion was being spent on brick-lining of 87,000 canals in the country, adding that 6,000 new canals would be brick-lined next year. 24. The Private Power Infrastructure Board (PPIB) has approved expansion of Tarbela dam power project that would generate 960 MW costing $500 million. 25. President Musharraf Thursday inaugurated the Mirani Dam. Mirani Dam in Kech area of Mekran district with a catchment area of 12,000 square kilometre has been built in four years at a cost of Rs6 billion that includes Rs1. 5 billion in compensation to the affected people. It will have a storage capacity of over 300,000 million acre feet of water. 26. Gomal Zam Dam: This project started Aug 2002 and is expected to be completed early 2008. It is located in the Damaan in NWFP. It is 437 feet high and will irrigate about 163,000 acres of land. The total costs amounts to Rs. 12 billion. Having a gross storage of 1. 14 MAF. It will produce 17. 4 MW of electricity. 27. Mushrraf says the government is constructing the Rs40 billion Katchi Canal and Punjab had been gracious to provide land for its 350 kilometre stretch that will pass through the province. 28. The Economic Coordination Committee decided to set up a $2-billion mega Oil refinery at Khalifa Point in district Hub, Balochistan. The refinery, commissioned by 2010, would have a maximum refining capacity of 13 million tons of petroleum products – higher than the country’s total existing capacity of 12. million tons. 29. Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation (PSMC) during the quarter July-Sept 2007 recorded the highest ever-sales figure of Rs 9. 3012 billion. 30. The Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) sector of Pakistan has attracted over Rs 70 billion investments during the last five years as a result of liberal and encouraging policies of the government. Presently, some 1,765 CNG stations are operating in the country, in 85 cities and towns, and 1000 more would be setup in the next three years. It has provided employment to 30,000 people in the country. 31. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) has registered 1,135 companies during the first quarter (July-September 2007). With the new registrations the total number of registered companies with SECP as on September 30 has reached 50,125. 32. Telecom sector has attracted an investment of $ 9 billion in last three years. It created of 80,000 jobs directly and 500,000 jobs indirectly. 33. Corrupt & Incompetent Nawaz Sharif made one motorway M2 (Lahore – Islamabad). Under Musharraf 6 Motorways completed or under construction: M1 (Islamabad to Peshawar) – (Rs. 3 bn) – [155 km] – (started 2003 – Completed Oct 2007) M3 (Pindi to Faisalabad) – (Rs. 5. 6 bn) – [53 km] – (started 2002 – Completed 2004) M8 (Gwadar to Ratodero) – [1072 km] – (started 2004 – will complete 2009) M9 (Karachi to Hyderabad) – (Rs. 6. 3 bn) – [136 km] – ( M10 (Karachi Northern bypass) – (Rs 3 . 5 bn) – [56 km] – (completed 2007) M11 (Lahore to Sialkot) – (Rs. 23 bn) -[101 km] – (started 2006 – under construction) 34. Under Musharraf various Highways under construction throughout the country. Including N5, N-25, N-35, N-45, N-50, N-55, N-65, N-70, N-75, N-80, S-1, etc. 35. General Pervez Musharraf inaugurated the Makran Coastal Highway (N-10) project in August 2001, consisting of Karachi-Gwadar, Pasni-Gwadar, and Ormara-Liari (Balochistan) Highways. The Liari-Ormara Highway costed Rs3. 9 billion and Pasni-Gwadar Highway Rs2. 8 billion respectively. The total length of Makran Coastal Highway is 533 kilometers. † 36. 2-12-07: Sialkot International Airport Limited (SIAL) completed. The 1,002-acre airport is 13 km west of Sialkot and is linked by a road to Gujranwala, Wazirabad, Gujrat, Narowal, the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) and the Sialkot Dry Port Trust. 7. Ghandara International Airport (Islamabad) the first-ever green-field airport being built at a cost of $400 million; with a renowned international consultant, Louis Berger Group of USA. President Musharraf laid the foundation stone of the project on April 7, 2007 and will be completed by Dec 2010. Its total area is 3700 acres (15 km? ). 38. Major Industrial estates are being developed under M usharraf’s vision: M3 Industrial estate, Sundar Industrial estate, Chakri Industrial, Port Qasim Industrial estate, etc. 39. Oct 2007: In the current fiscal year the Mining and Quarrying sector has registered a growth rate of 5. 6 percent. Increased growth was propelled by strong growths recorded in magnetite (30 percent), dolomite (26. 1 percent), Limestone (25. 2 percent) and chromites. 40. The government has already started various initiatives, to discover and develop world-class copper-gold deposits in Chagai Baluchistan; by Australian Firms that would fetch $500 million to $600 million per year. 41. Major reserves of COPPER & GOLD in Baluchistan’s Rekodiq area have been discovered in early 2006. It has ranked Rekodiq among the world’s top seven copper reserves. The Rekodiq mining area has proven estimated reserves of 2 billion tons of copper and 20 million ounces of gold. According to the current market price, the value of the deposits has been estimated at about $65 billion, which would generate thousands of jobs. 42. Executive Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC) on Wednesday approved 45 developmental projects in its meeting, including six revised projects with a total cost of Rs 154. 1 billion with a foreign exchange component (FEC) of Rs 36. billion. 43. Rs 9. 8 billion have been allocated for 91 different mega projects at Public Sector Universities across the province, said Sindh Governor Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan. 44. Oct 2007: A fully functional TMS (Tax Management System), including profiling, withholding, return/payment filing, rectification, refunds, audit, and legal tracking is scheduled to be operational by 2007 in Pakistan, to process the tax year 2007 returns, according to World Bank. 45. The government is providing Sui Gas facility to areas of South Punjab at a cost of Rs 1. 311 billion. A total of 1,138 kilometre gas pipeline is being laid. The districts benefiting from these schemes mainly include Multan, Khanewal, Bahawalnagar, Rajanpur, DG Khan, Vehari and Muzaffargarh. 46. The KHI city government’s rehabilitation of Industrial zones and improvement plan for all those four industrial zones, of the city needs to be completed in 7-8 months. Projects worth Rs 2. 5 billion and beautification Rs 4. 5 billion. 47. 27-11-07: Pakistan Navy Ship Zarrar, the first of Multi-Role Tactical Platform (MRTP-33), was commissioned into Pakistan Navy at a ceremony at PN Dockyard. 48. 9-12-07: City Nazim Mustafa Kamal said the construction work of 47-storey IT Tower in the vicinity of Civic Center at a cost of $200m would start soon. Around 40,000 youth would get employment in the IT Tower. It will have 10,000 call centers of which 6,000 have been booked so far. 49. The President approved the project of laying of 940-kilometre-long â€Å"standard gauge† Railway track b etween Gwadar and Quetta that would cost Rs 75 billion. A German firm won the contract. 50. To increase the income of Farmers, the Government is investing Rs7. 80 billion under which a Food Security Program will be launched. Initially it will be launched in 1,000 villages. He said Rs 3. 60 billion would be invested in live-stocks and dairy sectors. About 1,200 model dairy farms and 2,950 cattle breeding farms will be established under this investment. 51. Pakistan will launch a Self-controlled Remote Sensing Satellite System (RSSS) at a cost of Rs19. 3 billion to ensure strategic and unconditional supply of satellite remote sensing data for any part of the globe over the year. SUPARCO will implement it over a period of six years. President Musharraf has approved the project in principle. 52. Governor inaugurated the DUHS Medical Research City with Dow Diagnostic Reference and Research Laboratories and Jinnah Genome Centre as its important components. He also laid the foundation stone for a library and sports complex which houses different constituent institutions of the university. 53. President Musharraf also inaugurated a 50-bed state-of-the-art Workers Welfare Fund Kidney Center. The first-ever kidney center in Baluchistan, constructed on 7. 5 acres at a cost of Rs385 million and having the diagnostic, dialysis, surgical and lab facilities will help the people of this area. 4. Karachi: The building of the 50-bed Kidney Centre in Landhi has been completed. Minister Muhammad Adil Siddiqui . He said that the building of this centre had been built at a cost of Rs70 million. 55. CM Pervaiz Elahi inaugurated Pakistan’s first Software technology park (STP) on Ferozpur Road to be implemented by Punjab IT Board (PITB). The Rs 1. 5 billion project is set over area of 32 kanals; will be completed in 12 months and is expected to create direct 10,000 jobs and generate economic activity of Rs 9 billion per year. 56. In what is considered a major leap for Pakistan, a Polytechnic Institute is being established to produce skilled workforce that will rescue the manufacturing industry from the clutches of foreign dependence. Being built in Korangi at a cost of Rs450 million, this government-funded institute will start operating in January 2007 and prepare 500 workers by the end of first year, besides producing 22 different types of dies and moulds for aviation, telecom, pharmaceutical and other industries. Experts from Germany, Japan and Thailand assisted in developing curriculum. 57. Police Act 1861 replaced by Police Order 2002 after 141 years. Police force divided into three separate wings: Watch and ward, Investigation and Prosecution. 58. Federal Minister for Commerce in order to modernize tobacco farming in the country; is setting up a state-of-the-art Tobacco Research Center in Bunner. Annually 8 million kilograms of Virginia tobacco (fine quality), worth Rs 9. 2 billion is cultivated in Bunner. Under construction. 59. The government has formed â€Å"Pakistan Gems and Jewellery Development Company (PGJDC)† with a cost of Rs 1. 4 billion, to increase the export of gem and Jewellery from $25 million to $1. 5 billion by 2017. 60. In 1999, Pakistanis could only afford to buy a total of 32,461 locally assembled Cars. The latest annual figure stands at 115,000. Currently, there are 1. 3 million cars on Pakistani roads as opposed to 815,000 cars some five years ago; a 60 percent jump in car ownership. 61. In 1999, a total of 94,881 new Motorcycles were sold in Pakistan. In 2005, Pakistanis bought or leased some 500,000 new motorcycles. 62. ISB: To convert the Karachi Fisheries Harbour Authority (KFHA) in a style of Sydney Fish Market, the government proposes an action plan worth $10 million so as to make the KFHA a profitable authority. Estimated, Pakistan has a fish and seafood industry worth $1. 2 billion. Exports alone are worth nearly $200 million per annum. More than 0. 8 million people rely directly or indirectly on the industry for their livelihood. 63. FACT: Pakistan globally ranks 10th among the countries which were among the most active in perusing pro-business policies. A report â€Å"Doing Business in 2006? co-sponsored by World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). (c) ECONOMIC PAKISTAN and PRESIDENT MUSHARRAF http://economicpakistan. wordpress. com/2008/01/09/pakistan-flourishes/ http://presidentmusharraf. wordpress. com/

Human trafficking bibliograph Essays

Human trafficking bibliograph Essays Human trafficking bibliograph Essay Human trafficking bibliograph Essay Annotated Bibliography Abas, M. , Ostrovschi, N. , Prince, M. , Gorceag, V. , Trigub, C. , and Oram, S. (2013). Risk Factors for mental disorders in women survivors of human trafficking: a historical cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. Volume 13. Issue 1. This article addresses the mental state of women who have been trafficked. It speaks of the issues they have as a result of the ordeal they have endured. Some of these mental issues consist of: depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Elliot, J. McCartan, K. (2013). The Reality of Trafficked Peoples Access to Technology. Journal of Criminal Law. Volume 77. Issue 3. The research conducted in this article discusses how people who have/are being trafficked may have access to technology such as pcs, cellular phones, and other forms of technology and how these forms of technology may help or hinder them in escaping their situation. It also addresses how technology could assist in responding to trafficking. Feingold, D. (2005). Think Again: Human Trafficking. Foreign Policy. Issue 150. This article outlines the many reasons for human trafficking. It explains how women, men, and children are trafficked and sold for use of slaves. It also explains that this is not a new occurrence, but is an issue that has not been widely addressed in the past. Harvard Law Review. (2013). Counteracting the Bias: The Department of Labors Unique Opportunity to Combat Human Trafficking. Volume 126. Issue 4. This article discusses the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. The act ensures that it will prosecute violators, protect victims, and prevent trafficking. It also discusses human trafficking for uses in the sex trade and for labor purposes. An analysis is conducted in the article to outline the responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security nd the Department of Justice in regards to human trafficking. Knepper, P. (2013). History Matters: Canadas Contribution to the first Worldwide Study of Human Trafficking. Canadian Journal of Criminology Criminal Justice. Volume 55. Issue 1. This article discusses the history of human trafficking. It explores the first worldwide study conducted on the topic. The study was conducted during the 1920s by the League of Nations and included Canada as one of 28 countries to participate. Oguz, G. (2012). International Cooperation in combating human trafficking in EIJ: evidence from Turkey. Irish Journal of Sociology. Volume 20. Issue 1. This article explains how human trafficking is heavily involved in organized crime across the world. It also focuses on the international factors involved and how the wider international community might be able to play an effective role in helping to tackle Peters, A. (2013). Things that Involve Sex are Just Different: US Anti-Traffcking Law and Policy on the Books, in Their Minds, and in Action. Anthropological Quarterly. Volume 86. Issue 1. This article also discusses the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. It defines the difference between sex-traffcking and non-sex trafficking. It also analyses the laws that were on the books for human trafficking, laws on human trafficking and its meanings in the minds of legislatures, and laws put into action for human trafficking. Smith-Canoy, H. Smith, C. (2012). Human Trafficking and International Cheap Talk: The Dutch Government and The Island Territories. Journal of Human Rights. Volume 11. Issue 1. This article focuses on the underlying issues of the Netherlands and surrounding countries on the international fght against human trafficking. They have policies against human trafficking, but fail to implement them as proposed.

How to control email (and free yourself)

How to control email (and free yourself) How to control email (and free yourself) If there’s one area that unites most professionals, it’s the struggle with email. Whether it’s how to manage the daily deluge of messages in our inboxes, how to respond to them or how to write them so they don’t lead to misunderstandings, finding ways to control email (and not let it control us) is a challenge we all face. The trouble is that email is everywhere. We send and receive more than 205bn emails a day [PDF], and when we open our laptops, email is usually the first thing we look at. Many of us will even check our inboxes immediately after our alarm wakes us in the morning. At biologys mercy Our biology doesn’t help: we’re wired to search. That brief frisson of pleasure you feel when you realise someone’s emailed you is actually a small rush of the hormone dopamine. Unfortunately, it usually is very brief indeed, and followed by a sinking feeling as you realise it’s just another problem to deal with. Opening yourself up to this kind of stress while you’re half-asleep does little to protect your mental health, and it’s also a real barrier to business success. That’s because in checking and responding to email so frequently and habitually, we’re building our agendas around everyone else’s goals, rather than our own. I know this all too well. I’ve lost days to my inbox, veering wildly off track and wondering where my original list of goal-related tasks went. But there’s a lot you can do to stop email controlling your life. Here are some suggestions: Take control with technology Technology itself is one of the answers. There are several apps that will automatically prioritise key emails, categorise others and filter out the stuff you really don’t want to see at all. (Obviously check with your colleagues in IT before installing software on a work computer.) For example, I’ve been using Sanebox, an intelligent system that files emails based on my history and behaviour, for over a year and it’s made a huge difference. It puts emails from addresses it can’t find in my contacts list into separate folders, saving my inbox only for messages it thinks I need to see. Then it emails me a digest once a day to tell me they’re there. (I can check the folders any time.) Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook and Apple mail also have helpful functions built in that are worth exploring. They’re less sophisticated, but free. WeekWill goes one step further. It sends you a text and can even call you if you get an email from anyone on your VIP list, so that you can switch off your mail app altogether. You can then check any critical emails using webmail (which, as it involves an extra step, is less tempting). This revives the prospect of email-free holidays. Remember those? Change your habits You don’t have to use a technical fix. You could try restricting yourself to checking and responding to email for half an hour, say, three times a day. If that works, you could then whittle it down to twice, or even once a day. For this to work, be sure to set an autoresponder to let correspondents know that’s what you’re doing. But be careful to word the automatic response sensitively or you’ll simply irritate people. Bluntly telling them that you check your email only twice a day will probably do more harm than good. (I’ve received emails like that and I confess it made me feel like the sender valued their time more than mine, even though I wanted to spend money with them.) Instead, you could write something like this: So that I can focus on doing the best work for my clients, I check email just twice a day, at around midday and 3pm. Then, throw them a lifeline, just in case: If you need to speak to me urgently, don’t worry. Just send me a text or call me on †¦ Most people will be happy to wait once you’ve reassured them in this way. This method needs real discipline, though. You need to use these half-hour periods for quick replies only. An email that takes an hour to respond to is a task in its own right. So try to recognise such messages and acknowledge that you need to plan them in properly (sending a holding reply if necessary). Take back your day Whatever you do, do something. It’s not sustainable to let email hijack your agenda every day. It will seriously restrict your progress and could damage your mental health. This article originally appeared in a slightly different form in The Guardian. Image credit: Basar / Shutterstock

How is the lead actor Warren Beatty's character in Heaven Can Wait Essay

How is the lead actor Warren Beatty's character in Heaven Can Wait movie similar to Jay Gatsby please give specific examples - Essay Example story is centered on this journey as he finds a way to return back to Earth to finally fulfill his lifelong dream: to lead his team as quarterback in the Super Bowl. These two characters in both stories play a similar role. Both Pendleton and Gatsby earn great status and position. For Joe Pendleton, he is a quarterback football star playing for the football team Los Angeles Rams. He is preparing his team to play in the Super Bowl. For Jay Gatsby, on the other hand, is a successful and extremely wealthy magnate who throws extravagant lavish parties. Both characters are not only similar in rank, position and social status, they are also very similar in their attitude and personality. Both are very persistent and determined people. Joe Pendleton as he meets an accident and is plucked into heaven by an angel a little too early, does not accept the reality and believe he is really dead and his time is up on Earth. Like Joe, Jay Gatsby refuses to give up on his desire of having Daisy, the girl of his dreams. Her affair with Gatsby five years ago brings about the main events in the story. Because of Gatsby’s extreme fiery desire to rekindle the love he used to share with Daisy, he committed his life to become the rich and affluent man to impress her. Towards the end of the story, Daisy is aghast even though Gatsby refuses to stop the pursuit. He is still anticipating for her call up until the exact instant he dies. Meanwhile, Joe Pendleton, even in his new given body as Farnsworth, a dying millionaire, he is still determined and single-minded on leading his team to the Super Bowl as their quarterback. Even in the afterlife, he refuses to believe his life has come to an end and it results in him finding new bodies to dwell in so he can lead as quarterback in Super Bowl and even in his new life as Leo Farnsworth. His only goal is still to lead as quarterback in the Super Bowl. For both characters, even to the point of death, their goal is their only thought in mind.

Aleister Crowley Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aleister Crowley - Research Paper Example He retired early even before Aleister was born because of the business. He was also a radical preacher who travelled across Britain, writing pamphlets and bible study guides. His mother, Emily Bertha Bishop, came from the Devon and Somerset lineage. Both of his parents subscribed to the Brethren faith, which was a lot more conservative variant of the Plymouth Brethren. With this background Aleister was only allowed to play with children from similar backgrounds (Poem Hunter 5-7). His father’s death on March 5th 1887 from tongue cancer proved to be a turning point in young Aliester’s life having been very close to him. He turned rebelliously against the Christian faith as his mother’s attempts to keep him in the faith turned into a desperate futility. This never went well with the mother who labeled him a â€Å"beast†. This rebellious nature was the beginning of a life mainly characterized by extremism in diverse forms such as occultism, pansexuality, magic, drugs, poetry and mountaineering. On 1st December 1947 he died of respiratory infections that developed from his addiction of heroin. The addiction developed after he went on prescription for his asthma and bronchitis (Poem Hunter 11-13; Open Culture 1). In his early days, he was home schooled until the age of eight when he move to an evangelical run private preparatory - an experience which ended up with the young boy being bullied because he was not used to such a setting of education, he was a bit chubby, and fat and vulnerable such treatment (Golden Dawn Pedia 2). He later joined the Moral Science Tripos at Trinity Collegein in 1895 to study philosophy but late switched to English literature. It is at Cambridge that he developed an interest in alchemy as he interacted with Julian Baker who later introduced him to George Cecil Jones of the Hermetic order of the Golden dawn. He later left Cambridge as he almost graduated with a degree

My topic is aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My topic is aging - Essay Example Wrinkles on outward body appearance often indicate the arrival of old age in life forms. However, old age can be considered stunning since the process occurs in every person in the most genuine manner. Old age can be regarded beautiful if most populace expend these moments of their lives enjoying life with little or nothing to contemplate (Soozeqsh 1). Aging is beautiful given that the moment persons get born they immediately commence the aging progression. The process is innate, and little can be done to stop it (Soozeqsh 1). Old age is beautiful given that it brings value to every aspect of existence since it assists the young live accordingly. Aging of the houses in certain circumstances may be considered beautiful, especially in the case where the house has aesthetic value relevant to a certain period in human existence. These houses offer a constant reminder to the present generation of the yester years of their parents or relative lives. In certain circumstances, death of certain citizens sounds more of a legendary death than a normal death. Examples of such people are Jimi Hendrix and Marilyn Monroe deaths that are viewed as legendary deaths. However, destruction of certain boroughs through various activities such as warfare and erosion make a place appear older than it should be since it loses current structures that are related to it. Weathering also makes places to look older since the properties and structure in such a region are damaged or

The Pizza Industry Essay Example for Free

The Pizza Industry Essay Strengths: ? Pizza is a food item loved and consumed by majority of the people in the world. This is proved by the figures shown in the slides before. ? Pizza outlets provide good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. Motivation level of staff stays high which make the pizzerias more prosperous. Weaknesses: ? The Pizza outlets provide less range of products and they are usually high priced except for some other reasonable alternatives. In the Indian context, except for some new variants, they focus more on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: ? New markets can be explored and new opportunities can be sought. Diversification of products can increase their market share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. They could also incorporate other service models in their structure. Threats: ? New entrants in the market can affect their market share. ? Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. ? Pizza Hut †¢ Founded in 1958. †¢Parent Company: Yum! Brands. †¢Pizza Hut â€Å"Bistro† †¢Pizza Hut Express and â€Å"The Hut† ? Place †¢ 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries. †¢147 stores across 35 cities in India †¢Mostly in higher income zone ? Products ? Price †¢ Range: 65 485 †¢Coupon worldwide and gift cards in developed countries †¢Pan 4 all ? Promotion †¢C. H. A. M. P. S (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product quality and Speed) †¢3F? s ( Fun, Friendly and Familiar) †¢ Sponsored Back to the Future II †¢ MySpace Ted campaign †¢ Endorsed by Lara Dutta. Pizza Hut – BCG Matrix 1)P? Zone, from Calzone Garlic Cheese Bread 2)The Pan Pizza 3)Thin n Crispy 4)Dipping Strips ? Pizza Hut Target Markets ? Target audience is basically anyone and everyone who loves to eat pizzas. Age group of 12 to 30. Pizza has long been targeted to families, because of its ambience and the environment it offers in all its outlets. ? ? Ad Campaigns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? First Ad – about sharing Australia – 1980? s „Welcome Back? campaign Mexico – The Tomato sauce dip along with the pizza The „Great Indian Treat? „Full Punjabi? Roped in Ringo Starr for the campaign Pizza hut in the iphone !!!! ? Papa John’s †¢ Proven, streamlined operating system. †¢World-class franchise support and business consulting ? Place †¢ 3,400 restaurants worldwide †¢ Papa Johns is in all 50 states of US and approximately 40 international markets. †¢ High Income zone ?Products †¢ 4 different size of Pizza †¢24 Types of Pizza †¢6 Types of Starters †¢3 Types of pasta †¢4 Types of Salads ? Price †¢ Range: 85 – 495 †¢Offers and coupons ? Promotion †¢ Online Marketing †¢ B2B Mobile Marketing †¢ CEO in advertisement â€Å"People Are Priority Always† ? Domino’s Pizza †¢ Founded in 1960. †¢ Entered India in 1996. †¢8500 outlets across 55 countries. †¢250 outlets in India †¢USP- Quick Home delivery ? Products †¢Pizza (Available in 3 sizes and various tastes) †¢Garlic Bread †¢Pasta †¢Veg calojne †¢chicken wings †¢Sandwiches †¢ desserts ? Price †¢Price Range- Rs 35 to Rs 430. †¢Barbell Strategy of Pricing †¢Various combo offers ? Place †¢256 outlets in India †¢All major cities of India †¢Located in Malls and Posh areas †¢Outlets strategically placed to serve the home delivery in 30 minutes †¢Four outlets in Ahmedabad †¢Focus on Home delivery ? Promotion †¢Initially focused their ad strategy on banners, hoardings . †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Hungry Kya campaign †¢Tie up with MTNL – Hunger Helpline †¢Database based direct mailing strategy. †¢Localized taste †¢30 minutes home delivery. †¢Online Orders. †¢Advertisement by celebrities ? Domino? s Target audience ? Target Audience: ? Consumers who belong to the age group of 14 35 years ? People who love fast food and have been exposed to the western style of eating ? People who are upwardly mobile and on-the-go Ad Campaigns ? 1989 „One call does it all? Delivery in 30 minutes ? ? „Pizzamania? Chinese Pizza Fun Meal @ 45 /- ? ? †¢Most popular Pizza Outlet in Ahmedabad †¢ Started in 1999 in Ahmedabad †¢ By Sankalp Group of Restaurants †¢ Presence in Rajasthan and Gujarat †¢ USP- Unlimited Buffet †¢ Focus on American Taste of Pizza ? Products †¢ Soups †¢ Pizza (available in 3 sizes and variety of tastes) †¢ Garlic Bread †¢ Salad ( 34 types of salad) †¢Deserts? Price †¢Price for Pizza ranges from Rs 60 to Rs 335 †¢ Differential pricing for Unlimited Buffet at Rs 99. †¢Strategy focuses on high volume of sales at low margin. †¢Various combo offers called Meal Deals ? Place †¢Located in 7 cities of Gujarat and Rajasthan. †¢ Total number of outlets – 9 †¢ 3 outlets in Ahmedabad. †¢Located at Posh areas of cities. †¢ Express outlets at Maninagar ? Promotion †¢Unlimited Buffet in lunch and dinner is a big hit. †¢Design your own pizza. †¢Ambience based on American theme. †¢Increasing the number of outlets. †¢ Free home delivery. †¢Kids Birthday Party Offer. †¢More Variety of Food. ? One special mention from Tanzania ? Marketing through blogs http://vishalacharya. wordpress. com ? Business to a range of other products ? Emerging Players ? Papa John? s Pizza Express ? ? Vieira Pizza California Pizza Kitchen Largento? s Pizza. ? ? ? California Pizza Kitchen †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A casual dining chain with 252 restaurants Signed franchise agreements with two partners It expects to open a minimum of 15 restaurants Premium restaurants targeting High End Customers It has 27 existing restaurants around the globe This Los Angeles-based chain is known for its unconventional menu items ? E-Pizza ? It will be placed in the food and entertainment business. Triangle shaped pizza kid? s meal called the E-Meal Custom line of distinguishable Mini Coopers delivering pizzas and movies ? ? ? Additional data Frequency for Pizza Deciding factor for Pizza 6% 16% 12% 10% 21% Every two weeks Once a month 51% Once two month Once three month 17% 8% 4% 8% Cost Quality of Pizza Quality of Service 47% Queue Location/proximity Brand Ambience ? Additional data Preferred Complimentary With Pizza 0% 16% 14% Ice cream Cold drink Salad 70% Other 10% 0% 21% 57% 8% Preferred Outlet 4% Pizza hut. Uncle Sams Dominos Papa jones US Pizza No specific ? Interesting Facts ? Americans eat approximately 100 acres of pizza EACH DAY, or about 350 slices per second. There are approximately 69,000 pizzerias in the United States. Pizzerias represent 17% of all restaurants. (Source: Food Industry News) Pizza accounts for more that 10% of all foodservice sales. (Source: Food Industry News. ) 93% of Americans eat AT LEAST one pizza per month. (Source: Bolla Wines. ) 66. 66% of Americans order pizza for a casual evening with friends. (Source: Bolla Wines. ) ? ? ? ? ? ? Interesting Facts? Each man, woman and child in America eats and average of 46 slices, (23 pounds), of pizza per year. (Source: Packaged Facts, New York. ) Italian food ranks as the most popular ethnic food in America. (Source: National Restaurant Association. ) A study done by a U. S. Department of Agriculture statistician and home economist found that in a three-day survey period, 42% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 had eaten pizza. (Source: Smithsonian Magazine. ) 94% of the population of the U. S. eats pizza. (Source: Parade Magazine. ) ? ? ? ?Link to see pizzerias around the world http://www. business. com/directory/f ood_and_beverage/restaurants_and_ foodservice/restaurant_chains/pizza/ ? References †¢Industry Facts. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://pizzaware. com/facts. htm †¢Advertisements of other brands. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://www. pmq. com/index. php †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza †¢History of Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_pizza †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from All Facebook Interview: http://www. allfacebook. com/2009/02/pizza-hut-facebook/ †¢Pizza Hut from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza_Hut †¢Pizza Hut Celebrates Successful Delivery to Space from space. com: http://www. space. com/news/spacestation/space_pizza_010522. html †¢Papa John’s: www. papajohnsindia. com †¢Pizza Hut: www. pizzahut. co. in †¢Papa Johns Pizza from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Papa_John%27s_Pizza ? References †¢Industry Facts. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://pizzaware. com/facts. htm, http://www. pizzamarketplace. com/ †¢Advertisements of other brands. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://www. franchisedirect. com/foodfranchises/pizzafranchises †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza †¢Current scenario of The Pizza Industry . Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. pizzatoday. com/ †¢Pizza references and updates. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://ask. reference. com/information/Food_and_Drinks/Pizza-Industry †¢Snapshot of the Pizza Industry. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. franchisedirect. com/foodfranchises/pizzafranchises/ Time to go and grab a bite !